Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions, China’s Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission collected ∼1.73 kg of new lunar materials from one of the youngest basalt units on the Moon. The CE-5 lunar samples provide opportunities to address some key scientific questions related to the Moon, including the discovery of high-pressure silica polymorphs (seifertite and stishovite) and a new lunar mineral, changesite-(Y). Seifertite was found to be coexist with stishovite in a silica fragment from CE-5 lunar regolith. This is the first confirmed seifertite in returned lunar samples. Seifertite has two space group symmetries (Pnc2 and Pbcn) and formed from an α-cristobalite-like phase during “cold” compression during a shock event. The aftershock heating process changes some seifertite to stishovite. Thus, this silica fragment records different stages of an impact process, and the peak shock pressure is estimated to be ∼11 to 40 GPa, which is much lower than the pressure condition for coexistence of seifertite and stishovite on the phase diagram. Changesite-(Y), with ideal formula (Ca₈Y)□Fe²⁺(PO₄)₇ (where □ denotes a vacancy) is the first new lunar mineral to be discovered in CE-5 regolith samples. This newly identified phosphate mineral is in the form of columnar crystals and was found in CE-5 basalt fragments. It contains high concentrations of Y and rare earth elements (REE), reaching up to ∼14 wt. % (Y,REE)₂O₃. The occurrence of changesite-(Y) marks the late-stage fractional crystallization processes of CE-5 basalts combined with silicate liquid immiscibility. These new findings demonstrate the significance of studies on high-pressure minerals in lunar materials and the special nature of lunar magmatic evolution.

In the past few years, many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes (UV LDs). Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist. In this article, we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes, and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed. With these techniques, room temperature (RT) pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA (ultraviolet A) LD has been realized, with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm. Combining with the suppression of thermal effect, the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.

为了实现电致发光（Electroluminescent，EL）条件下太阳能电池的高精度裂纹和碎片缺陷检测，将多尺度YOLOv5（You Only Look Once version 5）模型用于真实工况下的太阳能电池缺陷检测。首先，提出一种融合可变形卷积（Deformable Convolutional Networks Version 2，DCNv2）和坐标注意力（Coordinate Attention，CA）的改进特征提取网络，拓宽小目标缺陷的感受野，有效增强小尺度缺陷特征的提取。其次，提出一种名为CA-PANet的改进路径聚合网络（Path Aggregation Network，PANet），将CA与跨层级联整合在路径增强结构中，实现浅层特征的复用，使深层特征和浅层特征结合，增强不同尺度缺陷的特征融合，提高缺陷的特征表达能力，提升缺陷检测框的准确度。轻量级CA的计算成本低，保证了模型的实时性。实验结果表明，融合DCNv2与CA注意力的YOLOv5模型平均精度均值（Mean Average Precision， mAP）值可达95.4%，较YOLOv5模型提高3%，较YOLOX模型提高1.4%。每秒帧数（Frames Per Second， FPS）可达51，满足工业实时性需求。对比其它算法，改进YOLOv5模型能精确检测到太阳能电池的微裂纹和碎片缺陷，能满足光伏电站真实工况下的实时高精度缺陷检测需求。

高功率、高重复频率纳秒脉冲激光广泛应用于激光切割、激光焊接等领域。随着激光重复频率的提升，特别是高于50 kHz时，单个周期有限的时间内难以积累足够的上能级粒子，调Q脉冲的稳定性成为了激光器设计的难点。当前主要采用主振荡器的功率放大器（MOPA）方案，直接振荡获得兼具高功率、高重复频率及高光束质量的纳秒脉冲激光还比较困难。通过对激光动力学过程的仿真模拟，定量分析了高重复频率调Q过程中脉冲强度稳定性与泵浦速率的关系，并利用负透镜使振荡器工作在具有较大基模体积的热近非稳区，实现了Nd:YAG声光调Q激光振荡器在高重复频率、高功率、高光束质量三方面的均衡设计。首次利用侧泵模块实现了100 kHz高功率高光束质量纳秒脉冲激光的直接振荡产生，脉冲强度的离散系数仅为0.041，激光输出功率超过142 W，脉冲宽度为165 ns，光束质量因子M²为1.5。

回顾性分析中晚期胸部恶性肿瘤（食管癌、肺癌）患者放疗前后淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值（Lymphocyte/monocyte ratio，LMR）的预后意义。收集2017年01月至2021年12月在江苏盛泽医院进行放射治疗的中晚期肺癌、食管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，共74例。采集患者外周放疗前、后1周内血常规，并记录LMR，建立受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）以获得总生存期（OS）最佳截断值，分析患者放疗前后LMR与预后的相关性。用Kaplan-Meier法制作总OS生存曲线，用Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素、多因素分析。结果显示：全组中位随访时间15个月，中位年龄70岁，根据ROC曲线得到放疗前LMR最佳临界值为2.46，曲线下面积（AUC）=0.719；放疗后LMR最佳临界值为1.07，AUC=0.682。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示，放疗前后高LMR组预后均较好（p<0.05）；Cox风险比例模型单因素分析显示临床分期、诊断、联合治疗与否，放疗前后LMR均与预后有关；多因素分析结果表明，临床分期、联合治疗、放疗前后LMR是中晚期肺癌、食管癌患者接受放疗后的独立预后因素（p<0.05）。提示放疗前后LMR均与中晚期胸部肿瘤患者的预后有关，高LMR组的中晚期肺癌、食管癌放疗患者的预后较好。